The war in Ukraine has caused extensive devastation, including the destruction or damage of homes, schools, hospitals, and other critical public facilities, leaving citizens without essential resources such as water, electricity, and healthcare. The war has also led to significant environmental damage and had a detrimental impact on the global climate, resulting in the release of significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.

This second interim assessment concludes that greenhouse gas emissions attributable to twelve months of the war totalled to 120 million tCO2 e. This is equivalent to the total GHG emissions produced over the same period in a country like Belgium. Compared to the first assessment, which covered seven months of the war, emissions did increase but did not grow at the same rate due to limited movement of the front line and winter conditions. Furthermore, the second assessment benefitted from additional insights into the situation in Ukraine, which allowed for some corrections to be made to the assessment.